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International Affairs Students Current Students Alumni Faculty/Staff Careers--> TOHOKU UNIVERSITYCREATING GLOBAL EXCELLENCE Search 日本語 Contact Tohoku University --> About Facts & Figures Facilities Organization Chart History President's Message Top Global University Project Designated National University Global Network Promotional Videos Academics Undergraduate Graduate Courses in English Exchange Programs Summer Programs Double Degree Programs Academic Calendar Syllabus Admissions Undergraduate Admissions Graduate Admissions Fees and Expenses Financial Aid Research Feature Highlights Research Releases University Research News Research Institutes Visitor Research Center Research Profiles Academic Research Staff Campus Life International Support Office IT Services Facilities Dining & Shops Campus Bus Clubs & Circles News University News Research--> Arts & Culture Health & Sports Campus & Community Press Release--> International Visit Alumni Careers Events Exhibits Music Special Event Lecture Alumni--> Map & Directions Campus Maps & Bus--> Facilities Map--> TOHOKUUNIVERSITY About Academics Admissions Research Campus Life News Events International Affairs Students Current Students Alumni Faculty/Staff Promotional Videos Subscribe to our Newsletter Map & Directions Contact Jobs & Vacancies Emergency Information Site Map 日本語 Close Home Research News Macrophages 'Eat' Insulin-producing Cells to Regulate Insulin in Pregnant Mice Post-birth Research News Macrophages 'Eat' Insulin-producing Cells to Regulate Insulin in Pregnant Mice Post-birth 2023-12-04 Pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) reside in a cluster of cells in the pancreas known as the islets of Langerhans. Pancreatic β cells are the only cells that produce insulin - a hormone that decreases blood glucose levels. A decrease in pancreatic β cells is a major cause of diabetes. Scientists have long known that pancreatic β cells increase during pregnancy and promptly return to their original number following birth. But scientists still do not understand the underlying mechanisms that cause the cells to go back to their original number. In a significant breakthrough, a research group has discovered that a type of white blood cell called macrophages 'eat' (phagocytose) the pancreatic β cells, thereby revealing the process behind their return to previous levels after pregnancy. The research group, which was led by Associate Professor Junta Imai, Assistant Professor Akira Endo, and Professor Hideki Katagiri from Tohoku University's Graduate School of Medicine, published the results in the journal Development Cell on September 15, 2023. Initially, the group examined the number of pancreatic β cells in the islets of Langerhans in a mouse model of pregnancy. They confirmed the cell number was double at the end of the pregnancy when compared to non-pregnant mice, but that it then gradually decreased, returning to the original amount after delivery. Macrophages are increased in pancreatic islets of Langerhans after delivery. ©Junta Imai et al. "After we observed the islets of Langerhans before and after delivery, we noticed an increase in macrophages, which protect the body from infections by engulfing bacteria, foreign substances and dead cells, after delivery," says Imai. "When we applied treatment to inhibit this process, the blood glucose levels became too low (hypoglycemia)." Additional microscopic observation of the islets of Langerhans after birth revealed β cells to be phagocytosed by macrophages. This mechanism appeared to keep the mother's blood glucose levels from decreasing excessively after delivery by rapidly reducing pancreatic β cells to their normal pre-pregnancy number. When the macrophages in pancreatic islets of Langerhans were removed in mice, there was no reduction in β-cells, as would normally be observed after delivery (a), and blood glucose levels decreased excessively after delivery (b). ©Junta Imai et al. Next, the group identified the protein responsible for attracting the macrophages into the islets of Langerhans: cytokine CXCL10. Accordingly, the inhibition of CXCL10 function suppressed the decrease in pancreatic β cells after birth. "We hope our results will contribute to clarifying the means by which normal blood glucose levels are maintained as well as the development of methods to prevent and treat diabetes," adds Imai. The research was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [Moonshot R&D] as well as by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-PRIME). Using microscopy, images of macrophages phagocytosing pancreatic β cells were captured. ©Junta Imai et al. Publication Details: Title: Phagocytosis by macrophages promotes pancreatic β cell mass reduction after parturition in miceAuthors: Akira Endo, Junta Imai*, Tomohito Izumi, Yohei Kawana, Hiroto Sugawara, Masato Kohata, Junro Seike, Haremaru Kubo, Hiroshi Komamura, Toshihiro Sato, Yoichiro Asai, Shinichiro Hosaka, Shinjiro Kodama, Kei Takahashi, Keizo Kaneko, and Hideki KatagiriJournal: Developmental CellDOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.002 Press release in Japanese Contact: Junta Imai, Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineEmail: imaimed.tohoku.ac.jpWebsite: http://www.diabetes.med.tohoku.ac.jp Archives 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Page Top About Tohoku University Academics Admissions Research Campus Life News Events International Affairs Students Alumni Promotional Videos Subscribe to our Newsletter Map & Directions Contact Tohoku University Jobs & Vacancies Emergency Information Site Map Media Enquiries Parent & Family Support Public Facilities Contact Tohoku University